Albert Einstein born
in Germany 1879, Albert Einstein is one of the most celebrated scientists of
the Twentieth Century. His theories on relativity laid the framework for a new
branch of physics, and Albert Einstein ’s E = mc2 on mass-energy equivalence is
one of the most famous formulas in the world.
In
1921, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to
theoretical physics and the evolution of Quantum Theory.
Albert
Einstein is also well known as an
original free-thinker, speaking on a range of humanitarian and global issues.
After contributing to the theoretical development of nuclear physics and
encouraging F.D. Roosevelt to start the Manhattan Project, he later spoke out
against the use of nuclear .
Born
in Germany to Jewish parents, Albert Einstein settled in Switzerland and then,
after Hitler’s rise to power, the United States. Albert Einstein was a truly global man and one of the
undisputed genius’ of the Twentieth Century.
Albert
Einstein was born 14 March 1879, in Ulm
the German Empire. His parents were working-class (salesman/engineer) and
non-observant Jews. Aged 15, the family moved to Milan, Italy where his father
hoped Albert would become a mechanical engineer.
However, despite Albert Einstein ’s intellect
and thirst for knowledge, his early academic reports suggested anything but a glittering
career in academia. His teachers found him dim and slow to learn. Part of the
problem was that Albert expressed no interest in learning languages and the
learning by rote that was popular at the At the age of 12, Albert Einstein picked up a book on geometry and read it cover
to cover. – He would later refer to it as his ‘holy booklet’.
He
became fascinated by maths and taught himself – becoming acquainted with the
great scientific discoveries of the age.
Despite
Albert’s independent learning, he languished at school. Eventually, he was
asked to leave by the authorities because his indifference was setting a bad
example to other students.
He
applied for admission to the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His
first attempt was a failure because he failed exams in botany, zoology and
languages.
However,
he passed the next year and in 1900 became a Swiss citizen.At college, he met a
fellow student Mileva Maric, and after a long friendship, they married in 1903;
they had two sons before divorcing several years later.
in
1896 Albert Einstein renounced his
German citizenship to avoid military conscription. For five years he was
stateless, before successfully applying for Swiss citizenship in 1901.
After
graduating from Zurich college, he attempted to gain a teaching post but none
was fortcoming; instead he gained a job in the Swiss Patent Office.
While
working at the Patent Office, Albert Einstein continued his own scientific discoveries and
began radical experiments to consider the nature of light and space.
He
published his first scientific paper in 1900, and by 1905 had completed his PhD
entitled “A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions. In addition to working
on his PhD, Albert Einstein also worked
feverishly on other papers. In 1905, he published four pivotal scientific
works, which would revolutionise modern physics. 1905 would later be referred
to as his ‘annus mirabilis‘
Albert
Einstein ’s work started to gain recognition, and he was given a post at the
University of Zurich (1909) and, in 1911, was offered the post of full-professor
at the Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague (which was then part of
Austria-Hungary Empire).
He
took Austrian-Hungary citizenship to accept the job. In 1914, he returned to
Germany and was appointed director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.
(1914–1932)
Albert
Einstein suggested that light doesn’t
just travel as waves but as electric currents. This photoelectric effect could
force metals to release a tiny stream of particles known as ‘quanta’.
From
this Quantum Theory, other inventors were able to develop devices such as
television and movies. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
Albert Einstein suggested that light doesn’t just travel as
waves but as electric currents. This photoelectric effect could force metals to
release a tiny stream of particles known as ‘quanta’. From this Quantum Theory,
other inventors were able to develop devices such as television and movies.
He
was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
In
1911, Albert Einstein predicted the
sun’s gravity would bend the light of another star. He based this on his new
general theory of relativity. On 29 May 1919, during a solar eclipse, British
astronomer and physicist Sir Arthur Eddington was able to confirm Albert
Einstein ’s prediction.
The news was published in newspapers around
the world, and it made Albert Einstein internationally known as a leading physicist.
It was also symbolic of international co-operation between British and German
scientists after the horrors of the First World War.
Albert
Einstein was involved in many civil rights movements such as the American
campaign to end lynching. He joined the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and
considered racism, America’s worst disease.
But
he also spoke highly of the meritocracy in American society and the value of
being able to speak freely. On the outbreak of war in 1939, Albert Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt about the
prospect of Germany developing an atomic bomb. He warned Roosevelt that the
Germans were working on a bomb with a devastating potential. Roosevelt headed his
advice and started the Manhattan project to develop the US atom bomb. But,
after the war ended, Albert Einstein reverted to his pacifist views. Albert
Einstein said after the war. Source biographyonline.net
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